基于形态学与核糖体DNA及其cDNA高通量测序的海洋沉积物中纤毛虫多样性比较     

黄平平  赵峰  徐奎栋 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(2):285-296

高通量测序技术广泛应用于环境真核微生物多样性的研究,可检获较之传统形态学方法更高的多样性。然而,检获的高分子多样性与基于形态的物种多样性在构成上的差异仍然不明。本研究首次对比分析了基于形态学的南黄海沉积物中的纤毛虫物种多样性与基于核糖体18S DNA和c DNA高通量测序的多样性异同。结果表明:形态鉴定获得8纲、20目、30科、36属共97种纤毛虫;DNA测序检获10纲、28目、55科、76属共174个OTUs;而通过c DNA测序获取的纤毛虫多样性最高,获10纲、31目、68科、99属共284个OTUs。研究发现,形态学方法检获的纤毛虫均为底栖生纤毛虫;两种分子手段检获的多样性更高,群落结构更为近似,覆盖了形态鉴定所获的绝大部分类群。但DNA测序还检获了序列比例高达90%的浮游类群,可能源于包囊或死亡沉降的物种;而c DNA测序检获了约7%的浮游纤毛虫序列。较之DNA测序,c DNA法检获的底栖纤毛虫在群落结构上与形态学结果更为接近。本研究表明,分子手段有助于更全面地揭示沉积物中的纤毛虫多样性,DNA测序可同时揭示休眠包囊、胞外DNA及过去群落的信息,而c DNA测序在研究活动纤毛虫多样性上更有优势。  相似文献   

浙江6个列岛大型底栖藻类分类多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

求锦津  水柏年  水玉跃  张春草  董静瑞  李超男  孙鹏  张苗苗  田阔 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(5):1004-1013

本文基于对七星列岛大型底栖藻类的实地调查,结合浙南3个列岛(七星列岛、南麂列岛和洞头列岛)和浙北3个列岛(渔山列岛、中街山列岛和马鞍列岛)大型底栖藻类物种组成的有关文献,构建大型底栖藻类基础数据库。采用平均分类差异指数△~+、分类差异变异指数∧~+、G-F多样性测度指数和相似性系数开展分类多样性研究。结果显示:6个列岛藻类在目级和科级的相似性很高,其值均在0.800以上;洞头列岛的△~+值最高(77.42),中街山列岛最低(72.65),这表明洞头列岛大型底栖藻类类群间的亲缘关系较远,中街山列岛藻类类群间的亲缘关系较近;七星列岛的∧~+值最高,达942.00,南麂列岛最低,仅865.12,这表明南麂列岛大型底栖藻类在不同分类阶元分布最均匀,七星列岛的藻类分布较集中;南麂列岛无论是F指数、G指数还是G-F指数的值均比其他5个列岛高,依次为18.62,4.40和0.76,这说明南麂列岛藻类的生态位分化程度较高。本研究构建了6个列岛大型底栖藻类资源与分类多样性基础数据库,为有效保护和管理大型底栖藻类提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

近30年长江口北支演变及其对物种多样性的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

吴逢润  童春富 《海洋学报》2017,39(2):72-85

分汊河口演变特征及其生态效应是当前河口海岸研究的重要热点问题。长江口北支是长江口第一级分汊的重要水道,其演变会对区域生态与环境条件产生深远的影响。本文在已有研究结果基础上,结合遥感影像分析与水域生态现状调研,阐述了近30年来长江口北支河道的演变特征和生态现状,并对河道演变对物种多样性的影响进行了深入的探讨。结果表明,近30年来北支演变的突出特点在于北支中上段束窄明显,而下段河道虽然有一定程度的束窄,但口门仍呈喇叭口形态;大量的圈围工程是导致北支中上段河道束窄的最重要因素;随着河势变化,北支分流比下降,分沙比上升,河道水深、河槽容积的下降,使北支盐水入侵加剧,水、沙、盐倒灌南支的风险增加。北支演变导致水体盐度条件的改变,使得区域生物类群以适应高盐、咸淡水环境的种类为主;而河道水深、水动力条件、水体含沙量等的变化均会对生物类群的组成产生影响。北支目前仍然是大型底栖动物、鱼类等生物类群的重要栖息地和育幼场,且具有较高的生物多样性。因此,北支治理仍需考虑维持北支水域生态系统的结构与功能不被破坏,确保区域的可持续发展。未来北支的演变趋势及其生态效应,需要在有效监测的基础上进行综合分析。  相似文献   

Diets of Steller sea lions off the coast of Hokkaido,Japan: An inter‐decadal and geographic comparison          下载免费PDF全文

Yoko Goto  Akihiko Wada  Noboru Hoshino  Takahiro Takashima  Masaki Mitsuhashi  Kaoru Hattori  Orio Yamamura 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(6)

Inter‐decadal and geographic variations in the diets of Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus, were examined based on the contents of 408 stomachs collected from coastal areas around Hokkaido Island during the periods 1994–1998 and 2005–2012. The most important prey species in the 1990s were gadid fishes (walleye pollock [Gadus chalcogrammus], Pacific cod [Gadus microcephalus] and saffron cod [Eleginus gracilis]). The frequency of occurrence and gravimetric contribution of gadids decreased in the 2000s latter period at three study sites (Rausu, Shakotan and Rebun) and were replaced by Okhotsk Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus azonus) and smooth lumpsucker (Aptocyclus ventricosus). However, analysis based on gravimetric composition indicated that the dietary diversity of prey showed only a slight inter‐decadal difference, reflecting the wide diversity of prey ingested during both study periods. These results indicate that Steller sea lions along the Hokkaido coast are opportunistic feeders that utilize a wide variety of prey, and appear to feed mainly upon prey that is easily obtained.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variation in subtidal molluscan diversity amongst temperate estuarine habitats          下载免费PDF全文

Tom R. Davis  David Harasti  Brendan Kelaher  Stephen D. A. Smith 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(3)

Effective management of marine ecosystems is enhanced when detailed information on biodiversity is available. Key information to underpin management actions and conservation planning includes relationships between species assemblages and environmental gradients, and information on species distributions. We conducted a subtidal biodiversity assessment of surface‐dwelling subtidal molluscs in eight a priori defined habitat types using underwater visual censuses to quantitatively explore relationships between molluscan assemblages, and their correlation with benthic habitats and abiotic variables. In addition, variations in diversity were examined for two key habitat types (areas dominated by Dendronephthya australis and by filter feeders) over a period of 15 months to examine temporal change. We found that molluscs form distinct assemblages within subtidal habitats, but that assemblages within key habitats show inherent temporal variability. Regional (gamma) diversity of molluscs was found to result from a combination of: (i) within habitat alpha diversity, which increased with habitat complexity; (ii) between habitat beta diversity, with significant differences in molluscan assemblages amongst habitats with differing benthic growth, substrate type, and depth; and (iii) temporal beta diversity, with significant changes detected in molluscan assemblages over time. The results demonstrate how habitats and abiotic variables (principally depth and substrate type) combine to contribute to molluscan biodiversity in temperate estuaries, and illustrate the value of these factors as surrogates for surface‐dwelling subtidal molluscs in conservation planning.  相似文献   

烟台市区河流入海口微生物群落的分析     

蒲洋  李文军  王凯  赵彦宏  秦松 《海洋科学》2017,41(7):9-15

2015年4月在烟台市区4条主要河流(辛安河、逛荡河、鱼鸟河和夹河)入海口处采集12个样品,利用PCR-DGGE方法分析了此区域的细菌群落组成和优势菌群。通过统计学手段对DGGE图谱进行分析,结果表明4条河流入海口细菌群落丰富度都较高,12个取样点扩增的DGGE条带数都在30以上,样品的Shannon指数均高于3.3,个别甚至可达3.61。其中,辛安河和逛荡河的Shannon指数平均值均高于鱼鸟河和夹河,夹河多样性最低;而且UPGMA聚类分析结果显示地理位置越接近,其细菌组成的相似度越高。在DGGE电泳条带中选取14条主要条带进行扩增和序列测定,所得到的序列进行了系统进化分析发现4条河流入海口的优势菌群主要为变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)。这与近年来关于山东近岸海域细菌多样性的研究结果相符合,为研究和保护烟台市区河口处环境提供科学依据。  相似文献   

无居民海岛植被恢复过程中物种多样性及土壤特征初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

孙元敏  汤坤贤  陈慧英  陈玉珍  黄海萍  蔡鹭春 《应用海洋学学报》2017,36(1):001-005

2016年4月对厦门无居民海岛猴屿开展了植被和土壤调查,采用全岛调查的方法查清全岛植物种类及生长状况,采用样方调查的方法分析比较人工恢复林和次生林物种多样性和土壤肥力特征,以期为无居民海岛生态修复提供借鉴.结果表明,全岛共有乔木5科5属6种,灌木有10科12属13种,草本植物有21科39属40种.由于被海包围、面积狭小、地形简单,物种传播速度慢,猴屿生物多样性较低,猴屿人工恢复林物种多样性与次生林差异不显著.人工恢复林土壤肥力显著低于次生林,植物生长及其产生的凋落物可以促进土壤肥力的改善.海岛普遍风大、缺水,植被恢复应选用适应海岛环境能力强的物种.猴屿植被破坏导致生态位缺失,进而造成马缨丹生物入侵,影响海岛生态系统稳定性.  相似文献   

贵州喀斯特铝土矿具芽胞苔藓种类特征——以贵州省清镇市林歹铝土矿区为例     

殷声锋  王智慧  张朝晖 《中国岩溶》2014,33(4):449-455

对贵州省清镇市站街镇林歹铝土矿第二矿区的油菜种植区、矿土上部树林区、废石堆积区、矿土堆积恢复区4类环境进行苔藓植物采集,并对具芽胞苔藓种类进行统计分析,结果表明:（1）经鉴定发现苔藓植物10科22属37种,优势种（频度大于10%）为日本大丛藓Molendoa japonica Broth.（18.72%）和银叶真藓Bryum argenteum Hedw.（11.06%）;（2）发现8种具芽胞苔藓,占总种数的21.62%,隶属于丛藓科Pottiaceae和真藓科Bryaceae,其中日本大丛藓和芽胞银藓Anomobryum gemmigerum Broth.为常见具芽胞苔藓;（3）油菜种植区中具芽胞苔藓种类最多（6种）,但出现频度不高,非该类环境中的优势种,日本大丛藓在4类环境中均有发现;(4)在4类环境中,相对恶劣条件下具芽胞苔藓出现的几率更大;（5）瘤根真藓Bryum bornholmenseWinkelm.& Ruthe.和毛状真藓Bryum apiculatum Schwagr.的芽胞长于假根上,其余种类芽胞均见于叶腋处,呈扫帚状,芽胞形态上呈现多样性,有球形、棒形、棒槌形、芽形、纺锤状和火炬状。   相似文献   

Genetic diversity and population structure of Eleutheronema rhadinum in the East and South China Seas revealed in mitochondrial COI sequences   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙鑫序  徐冬冬  楼宝  张涛  辛俭  郭垚示  马世磊 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(6):1276-1283

Eleutheronema rhadinum is a potential commercial fisheries species and is subject to intense exploitation in China. Knowledge on the population structure of E. rhadinum in Chinese coastal waters, which is important for sustainable exploitation and proper resource management, is lacking. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure of E. rhadinum were evaluated using a 564-base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I （COl） gene. A total of 76 specimens were collected from three localities around the East （Qidong and Zhoushan） and South China Seas （Zhuhai）. Among these individuals, nine polymorphic sites were detected and 1 l distinct haplotypes were defined. High levels ofhaplotype diversity （h=0.759i0.035） and low levels of nucleotide diversity （re=0.001 98i0.003 26） were observed in these populations, Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） indicated that 96.72% of the genetic variation occurred within the populations, whereas 3.28% occurred among populations. No significant genealogical branches or clusters were recognized on the neighbor-joining tree. Intra-group variation among populations was significant （~0~t=0.032 85, P〈0.01）. These results suggest that E. rhadinum populations in the East and South China Seas have developed divergent genetic structures. Tests of neutral evolution and mismatch distribution suggest that E. rhadinum may have experienced a population expansion. The present study provides basic information for the conservation and sustainable exploitation of this species.  相似文献   

吉尔吉斯斯坦伊塞克湖一处土壤样品细菌多样性          下载免费PDF全文

王宁  包慧芳  古丽尼莎·沙依木  王炜 《干旱区地理》2013,36(4):609-614

采用纯培养方法从吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国伊塞克湖一处温泉旁的土壤中分离到32株细菌,通过ARDRA 分析后得到不同的类群,从各个类群中随机选取1个代表菌株进行16S rDNA 序列测定和系统发育的分析。结果表明：分离的菌株分布在假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、类芽孢杆菌属（Paenibacillus）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）、Lysinibacillus、溶杆菌属（Lysobacter）、短芽孢杆菌属（Brevibacillus）、根瘤菌属（Rhizobium）、变形杆菌属（Proteus）等9个属,且部分菌株的16S rDNA序列同源性低于97%,可能是潜在的新种。结果揭示了该样点可培养细菌种群的多样性及独特性。  相似文献